2.5 BILLION – 542 MILLION: PROTEROZOIC
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- multicellular organisms appear;
- 2.45–1.85 Ga: O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans and seabed rock;
- 1.85–0.85 Ga: O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer;
- Rodinia Supercontinent comes together[
- All oceans merged into one – Mirovia;
- Considerable mountain building;
- Ocean and atmosphere reach chemical composition approximately same as today;
- All land is barren, lifeless desert.
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Name | Diameter (km) | Age (megayears) | Dating method | Morphological type | Notes |
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Sudbury, Ontario | 250 | 1852 +4/-3 | U-Pb zircon | CONFIRMED Multi-ring? | Sudbury Distal Ejecta |
Skeleton Lake, Ontario | 3.5 | ~800 | Geological dating | PROBABLE Simple | |
Beaverhead, Montana/Idaho | ~100 | ~600 | K-Ar, 40Ar/39Ar and Rb-Sr | CONFIRMED Peak ring | Allochthonous |
Holleford, Ontario | 2.35 | 550 ±100 | Geological dating | CONFIRMED Simple | Overflight of Holleford Crater |